Computer Networks Unit 4 Notes

CS602 Computer Networks Unit 4 notes and PYQ analysis for RGPV CSE 6th Semester. This unit covers Network Layer, IP Addressing, Subnetting, ARP, RARP, ICMP, IPv4, IPv6, Routing Algorithms, Bellman Ford and Fragmentation.

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Unit 4 Overview

Unit 4 focuses on the Network Layer. It explains how packets are routed from source to destination, how IP addressing works, how subnetting divides networks, and how routing algorithms find the best path.

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Network Layer

Understand routing, addressing, packet forwarding and logical communication.

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IP Addressing

Learn IPv4, IPv6, subnetting, subnet mask, address classes and address blocks.

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Routing Algorithms

Study routing, least cost routing, Bellman Ford algorithm and path selection.

Unit 4 Topics Covered

Complete syllabus-based topics of CS602 Computer Networks Unit 4.

Network Layer

Services, responsibilities, packet forwarding, routing and logical addressing.

IP Addressing

IPv4 address classes, subnet mask, network address, host address and IP blocks.

Subnetting

Subnet mask calculation, number of subnets, first address and last address.

ARP, RARP and ICMP

Address resolution, reverse address resolution and Internet control messages.

Routing Algorithms

Least cost routing, Bellman Ford algorithm, distance vector and routing tables.

IPv4, IPv6 and Fragmentation

IPv4 vs IPv6 comparison, datagram format, fragmentation and reassembly.

Important Questions - Unit 4

These questions are useful for 7 marks and 14 marks answers in RGPV exams.

  1. What is Network Layer? Explain its services and responsibilities.
  2. Explain IP addressing with suitable examples.
  3. What is subnetting? Explain subnet mask with example.
  4. Find subnet mask, number of subnets, first and last address for a given block.
  5. Explain ARP and RARP protocols.
  6. Write short note on ICMP and its message format.
  7. Explain Bellman Ford routing algorithm with suitable example.
  8. Explain Least Cost Routing with suitable example.
  9. Compare IPv4 and IPv6.
  10. Explain IPv4 datagram format.
  11. Explain fragmentation and reassembly with suitable example.
  12. Explain hierarchical, broadcast and multicast routing.

CS-602 Computer Networks Unit 4 PYQ Analysis

RGPV B.Tech VI Semester Computer Networks previous year question analysis for Unit 4.

Unit 4 Main Topics

Network Layer IP Addressing Subnetting ARP RARP ICMP Bellman Ford IPv4 IPv6 Fragmentation

Year-wise Unit 4 Questions Asked

Year Question Topic Importance
June 2025 An organization is granted the block 211.17.180.0/24. The administrator wants to create 32 subnets. Find subnet mask, number of addresses in each subnet, first and last address in first subnet. Subnetting ★★★★★
June 2025 Write short note on ICMP. ICMP ★★★★
Dec 2024 Explain the working of ARP and RARP. ARP / RARP ★★★★★
Dec 2024 Describe the working principle of Bellman Ford algorithm using suitable example. Bellman Ford Algorithm ★★★★★
May 2024 An organization is granted the block 211.17.180.0/24. The administrator wants to create 32 subnets. Find subnet mask, number of addresses in each subnet, first and last address in first subnet. Subnetting ★★★★★
May 2024 What are the various parameters of quality of service offered by transport layer? QoS / Network Services ★★★
May 2023 Describe the working principle of Least Cost Routing using suitable example. Least Cost Routing ★★★★
May 2023 Write a brief note on ICMP with its frame formats. ICMP ★★★★
May 2023 Give the comparative study of IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4 vs IPv6 ★★★★★
May 2022 What is subnet mask? Explain different classes of IP address. Subnet Mask / IP Classes ★★★★★
Dec 2020 Define subnetting. What is network address in a class A subnet with IP 25.34.12.56 and mask 255.255.0.0? Subnetting ★★★★★
Dec 2020 What do you mean by Routing? Explain Hierarchical, Broadcast and Multicast routing. Routing ★★★★

Topic Frequency Analysis

Topic Asked Times Years Priority
Subnetting / IP Addressing 4 Times 2020, 2022, 2024, 2025 ★★★★★ Extremely Important
Bellman Ford Algorithm 2 Times 2024, 2025 ★★★★★ Extremely Important
ARP / RARP 2 Times 2024, 2025 ★★★★★ Extremely Important
ICMP 3 Times 2023, 2025 ★★★★ Very Important
IPv4 vs IPv6 1 Time 2023 ★★★★ Very Important
Least Cost Routing 1 Time 2023 ★★★★ Very Important
Fragmentation and Reassembly 1 Time 2024 ★★★ Important
Routing Types 1 Time 2020 ★★★ Important

Examiner Pattern for Unit 4

  • Unit 4 se examiner mostly Subnetting, ARP/RARP, Bellman Ford aur ICMP poochta hai.
  • Subnetting numerical repeat hone ki probability bahut high hai.
  • Bellman Ford algorithm ko example ke saath likhna scoring hota hai.
  • IPv4 vs IPv6 comparison table ke form me prepare karna chahiye.
  • ICMP, ARP aur RARP short notes ya 7 marks me frequently aa sakte hain.

Most Expected Unit 4 Questions

  1. Explain subnetting with suitable example.
  2. Find subnet mask, number of addresses, first and last address for a given block.
  3. Explain ARP and RARP protocols.
  4. Explain Bellman Ford routing algorithm with suitable example.
  5. Write short note on ICMP.
  6. Compare IPv4 and IPv6.
  7. Explain IPv4 datagram format.
  8. Explain fragmentation and reassembly.
  9. Explain Least Cost Routing.
  10. Explain hierarchical, broadcast and multicast routing.

Final Prediction Scorecard - Unit 4

Topic Chance of Appearing
Subnetting / IP Addressing95%
Bellman Ford Algorithm90%
ARP / RARP90%
ICMP85%
IPv4 vs IPv680%
Least Cost Routing75%
Fragmentation and Reassembly70%
Routing Types65%

Unit 4 Study Strategy

One Night Before Exam

  1. Subnetting numerical
  2. ARP and RARP
  3. Bellman Ford Algorithm
  4. ICMP
  5. IPv4 vs IPv6
  6. Fragmentation and Reassembly
  7. Routing types

Minimum Passing Strategy

Agar time bahut kam hai, to Subnetting, ARP/RARP, Bellman Ford aur ICMP strong kar lo. In topics se Unit 4 ka question attempt karne ka chance sabse zyada hai.

10 CGPA Strategy

Subnetting step-by-step calculation, Bellman Ford table, IPv4 vs IPv6 comparison, ARP/RARP working diagram, ICMP format aur fragmentation example sab prepare karo.

Most Expected RGPV Unit 4 Question Format

Q4

a) An organization is granted the block 211.17.180.0/24. The administrator wants to create 32 subnets. Find subnet mask, number of addresses in each subnet, and first and last address in first subnet.

b) Explain ARP and RARP protocols with suitable diagram.

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a) Explain Bellman Ford routing algorithm with suitable example.

b) Compare IPv4 and IPv6.

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Detailed Notes

Complete Unit 4 notes for theory and numerical preparation.

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FAQs - CS602 Unit 4

What is Computer Networks Unit 4 about?

It covers Network Layer, IP addressing, subnetting, routing algorithms, ARP, RARP, ICMP, IPv4 and IPv6.

Which topic is most important in Unit 4?

Subnetting, Bellman Ford, ARP/RARP and ICMP are the most important topics.

Is subnetting numerical important?

Yes, subnetting numerical is one of the most repeated and scoring questions in Unit 4.