EC302 Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation Notes

EC302 Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation – RGPV

EC302 Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation covers theory of measurement, characteristics of measuring instruments, error analysis, CRO, AC bridges, Q-meter, transducers, signal generators, electronic display devices, digital-to-analog conversion, analog-to-digital conversion and digital measuring instruments. The unit-wise notes below follow the RGPV Electronics & Communication Engineering III Semester syllabus.

EC302 Syllabus

Unit-Wise Handwritten Notes

Explore all five units of Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation according to the RGPV syllabus.

Unit 1

Theory of Measurement & Measuring Instruments

Introduction to Measurement
Characteristics of Instruments
Measurement Systems
Static Characteristics
Dynamic Characteristics
Sources of Errors
Types of Errors
Statistical Analysis of Errors
Instrument Calibration
Comparison Method of Calibration
DC Ammeter
AC Ammeter
DC Voltmeter
Chopper-Type DC Voltmeter
Solid-State Voltmeter
AC Voltmeter Using Rectifier
Average Responding Voltmeter
RMS Responding Voltmeter
Peak Responding Voltmeter
Multimeter
Power Meter
Bolometer
Calorimeter

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Unit 2

CRO, Oscilloscopes, Bridges & Q-Meter

Different Parts of CRO
Block Diagram of CRO
Electrostatic Focusing
Electrostatic Deflection
Post Deflection Acceleration
CRT Screen
Graticules
Vertical Deflection System
Horizontal Deflection System
Time Base Circuit
Oscilloscope Probes
Applications of CRO
Multi-Input Oscilloscope
Dual-Trace Oscilloscope
Dual-Beam Oscilloscope
Sampling Oscilloscope
Analog Storage Oscilloscope
Digital Storage Oscilloscope
Maxwell's Inductance Bridge
Maxwell's Inductance-Capacitance Bridge
Hay's Bridge
Schering Bridge
High-Voltage Schering Bridge
Relative Permittivity Measurement
Wien Bridge
Q-Meter
Impedance Measurement Using Q-Meter

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Unit 3

Transducers

Introduction to Transducers
Classification of Transducers
Strain Gauge
Displacement Transducer
Linear Variable Differential Transformer – LVDT
LVDT Construction
LVDT Working Principle
Rotary Variable Differential Transformer – RVDT
Temperature Transducers
Resistance Temperature Detector – RTD
Thermistor
Thermocouple
Piezoelectric Transducer
Optical Transducers
Photoemissive Transducer
Photoconductive Transducer
Photovoltaic Transducer
Photodiode
Phototransistor

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Unit 4

Signal Generators & Display Devices

Signal Generator
Function Generator
Sweep Frequency Generator
Pulse Generator
Square-Wave Generator
Beat Frequency Oscillator – BFO
Digital Display System
Digital Indicators
Classification of Displays
Light Emitting Diode – LED
LED as Display Device
Liquid Crystal Display – LCD
LCD Working Principle
LED vs LCD

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Unit 5

Digital Instruments, DAC & ADC

Digital Instruments – Introduction
Advantages of Digital Instruments
Digital vs Analog Instruments
Digital-to-Analog Converter – DAC
DAC Basic Principle
Variable Resistive-Type DAC
R-2R Ladder DAC
Binary Ladder DAC
Weighted-Resistor DAC Using Op-Amp
Weighted DAC Using Transistor
Practical DAC
Analog-to-Digital Converter – ADC
ADC Basic Principle
Ramp Technique ADC
Dual-Slope Integrating ADC
Integrating ADC – Voltage-to-Frequency Type
Successive-Approximation ADC – SAR ADC
Digital Voltmeter – DVM
Digital Multimeter – DMM
Resolution of Digital Multimeter
Sensitivity of Digital Multimeter

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EC302 Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation Exam Preparation

For RGPV exams, focus on measurement errors, CRO diagrams, bridge derivations, transducer working principles, DAC and ADC circuits and digital instrument concepts.

Learn static and dynamic characteristics of measuring instruments.
Practice numerical problems related to measurement errors.
Understand CRO block diagram and deflection systems.
Practice Maxwell, Hay, Schering and Wien bridge derivations.
Learn LVDT, RVDT, RTD, thermistor and thermocouple working.
Understand signal generator and function generator block diagrams.
Compare LED and LCD display technologies.
Practice R-2R ladder and weighted-resistor DAC circuits.
Learn Dual-Slope and Successive-Approximation ADC working.
Revise DVM, DMM, resolution and sensitivity concepts.