CS702(C) Unit 2 Routing & Transport Layer study material for RGPV CSE 7th Semester. Learn BGP, hidden network, autonomous system, RIP, OSPF, multiplexing, ports, TCP segment format, sockets, three-way handshake, flow control, congestion control, TCP Tahoe, Reno, SACK and UDP message format.
Unit 2 explains traditional routing and transport layer protocols. It covers inter-domain and intra-domain routing protocols like BGP, RIP and OSPF, along with TCP connection establishment, flow control, congestion control and UDP message format.
Understand BGP, RIP, OSPF, autonomous systems and gateway protocols.
Learn TCP segment format, sockets, three-way handshake and connection control.
Study UDP encapsulation, message format, pseudo header, ports and multiplexing.
Complete syllabus-based topics of Wireless & Mobile Computing Unit 2.
Traditional routing decides the path for packets, while transport layer protocols provide end-to-end communication.
Border Gateway Protocol is an exterior gateway protocol used for routing between autonomous systems on the Internet.
A hidden network is a network whose internal topology or routes are not directly visible to outside networks.
An autonomous system is a collection of networks managed by a single organization using a common routing policy.
BGP uses messages such as Open, Update, Keepalive and Notification to establish and maintain routing information.
Interior gateway protocols are used for routing within an autonomous system, such as RIP and OSPF.
Routing Information Protocol is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as the routing metric.
Open Shortest Path First is a link-state routing protocol that uses shortest path calculation for efficient routing.
Multiplexing allows multiple applications to use the network simultaneously through port numbers.
TCP segment contains source port, destination port, sequence number, acknowledgement number, flags, window size and checksum.
A socket is an endpoint of communication identified by IP address and port number.
TCP synchronization ensures both sender and receiver are ready before data transfer starts.
TCP connection is established using SYN, SYN-ACK and ACK messages between client and server.
TCP uses variable window size to control how much data can be sent before receiving acknowledgement.
Flow control prevents the sender from overwhelming the receiver by controlling data transmission rate.
TCP retransmits lost segments when acknowledgements are not received within a timeout period.
Congestion control prevents network overload by adjusting the sender’s transmission rate.
Silly Window Syndrome occurs when very small amounts of data are transmitted inefficiently due to poor window management.
TCP Tahoe, Reno and SACK are TCP variants designed to improve congestion detection and recovery.
User Datagram Protocol is a connectionless transport protocol used for fast but unreliable data transfer.
UDP message contains source port, destination port, length and checksum. Pseudo header helps in checksum calculation.
BGP: Autonomous systems ke beech routing ke liye use hota hai.
RIP: Hop count based distance-vector routing protocol.
OSPF: Link-state routing protocol jo shortest path calculate karta hai.
TCP 3-Way Handshake: SYN → SYN-ACK → ACK.
Flow Control: Receiver ko overload hone se bachata hai.
Congestion Control: Network overload ko reduce karta hai.
UDP: Fast, connectionless but unreliable protocol.
| Topic | Expected Frequency | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| BGP | Very High | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| BGP Messages | High | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| RIP and OSPF | Very High | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| TCP Segment Format | Very High | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| Three-Way Handshake | Very High | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| Flow Control | High | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| Congestion Control | Very High | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| TCP Tahoe, Reno and SACK | High | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| UDP Format | High | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| Silly Window Syndrome | Medium | ⭐⭐⭐ |
BGP is an exterior gateway protocol used for routing between autonomous systems.
An autonomous system is a group of networks controlled by one organization with a common routing policy.
TCP establishes connection using SYN, SYN-ACK and ACK messages.
Flow control prevents the sender from sending more data than the receiver can handle.
Congestion control reduces network overload by controlling the sender’s transmission rate.
UDP is a connectionless transport protocol used for fast data transfer without reliability guarantee.